Vertigo is a sensation of feeling off balance and dizzy, often described as a spinning or swaying feeling. It is often caused by issues with the inner ear, such as BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo), vestibular neuritis, or Meniere’s disease. Other possible causes include head trauma, medications, migraines, or neurological conditions. Treatment may involve medications to alleviate symptoms, exercises to improve balance, or therapies like Epley or Semont maneuvers to reposition small crystals in the inner ear. It is important to seek medical attention if vertigo symptoms persist or are severe.