Cauda equina syndrome is a rare but serious condition that occurs when the nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord become compressed. This compression can cause a range of symptoms, including severe back pain, weakness or numbness in the legs, difficulty urinating or having bowel movements, and loss of sensation in the genitals. Cauda equina syndrome requires immediate medical attention, as it can lead to permanent neurological damage if not treated promptly. Surgery is often necessary to relieve the compression and alleviate symptoms, and long-term rehabilitation may be required for functional recovery.